Articles & Case Studies
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Articles
How Much Does the ONJN Class II License Cost in 2026: All Fees, by the Numbers
Guide on the real costs of the Class II license after increases from GEO 82/2023 and Law 141/2025: entry fees, annual obligations, what a B2B provider does not pay, and old figures that still mislead.
ONJN Class II License Obligations: Reporting and Compliance
Guide on monthly reporting introduced by Law 141/2025, AML and GDPR obligations for B2B providers, and sanctions effectively applied by ONJN.
ONJN Class II License: what it is, who needs it and what activities it covers
Guide to the Class II license issued by ONJN for ancillary activities in the gambling industry: the difference from the Class I license and the categories of providers who need it.
Romanian ONJN Class II Licence: Conditions, Documents and the Procedure Step by Step
A practical guide to the Class II licence in Romania: who may apply, what the file must contain, how the procedure runs at ONJN and how long it really takes against the statutory 30-day term.
Compensation After a Road Accident in Romania: Who Can Claim, What Is Covered and How to Get the Right Amount
What compensation you can claim after a road accident, who is entitled to it and how to obtain the correct amounts rather than the insurer’s opening offer.
International Driving Permit in Romania: When It Is Required and What You Risk Without It
If you come to Romania with a licence issued elsewhere, the practical question is whether you also need an international permit. The answer depends on the issuing state. A guide to when it is required, what to carry, and what driving without a valid licence means here.
Romania Digital Nomad Visa: Conditions, Income Threshold, Steps and Common Mistakes
A practical guide to the Romanian digital nomad visa: who qualifies, what income must be proved, how the two-stage procedure works, the long-stay visa and then the residence permit, and what happens at renewal.
Romanian Residence for Entrepreneurs From the USA, Canada, Japan and Switzerland, Without the EUR 100,000 Investment
The general regime requires foreign investors to put in EUR 100,000 and create ten jobs. Citizens of the USA, Canada, Japan and Switzerland fall under a special regime without those thresholds, and apply directly for the residence permit with no prior visa.
Family Reunification Residence Permit in Romania: Steps, Documents and Deadlines
If you are married to a Romanian citizen or to a foreign national with a right of residence here, the procedure has two stages: the long-stay visa and then the permit. A guide to the documents required, how long it takes and where files usually stall.
Recovering Unpaid Invoices From Romanian Companies: Which Procedure to Use and in What Order
You delivered the work, issued the invoices, and your Romanian counterparty is not paying. Three procedures are available, each suited to a different situation. A guide to choosing between them, and why protective measures matter more than the judgment itself.
Romanian Citizenship: The Available Routes, the Documents Required and What Drives the Timeline
Romanian citizenship can be obtained by three main routes: descent, naturalisation and marriage. A guide to who qualifies under each, what documents are required, how foreign records must be prepared, and what draws files out in practice.
How to Choose a Lawyer in Timisoara: Practical Criteria, Questions for the First Meeting and Red Flags
Choosing the right lawyer often decides the outcome of a case. A guide to checking specialisation and bar registration, the questions worth asking at the first meeting, and the signals that should make you cautious.
Setting Up a Company in Timisoara: Steps, Rules for Foreign Founders and What Can Be Done Remotely
Timisoara attracts investors from Germany, Italy and the United States. A guide to incorporating here, the rules that apply to foreign nationals, what can be handled by power of attorney without travelling, and the alternatives to renting an office.
Investor Residence in Romania: Income Conditions, Investment Thresholds and the Route to Citizenship
A guide for foreign investors seeking residence in Romania: approval for commercial activities, the minimum income required from shareholders and associates, the thresholds that remove the means-of-support test, and the conditions for citizenship by investment.
Starting a Business in Romania: Choosing the Legal Form, Registering and What Follows
A practical guide to getting started: choosing between a limited company and sole trader status, what registration with the Trade Register involves, the tax and employment obligations that arise immediately, and what differs for foreign founders.
Immigration Lawyer in Timisoara: When Legal Help Changes the Outcome and How the Process Works
Visas, residence permits, return decisions, entry bans and citizenship. A guide to the situations where an immigration lawyer changes the result, the deadlines that run in each procedure, and how we work with clients based abroad.
How Much Does the ONJN Class II License Cost in 2026: All Fees, by the Numbers
Guide on the real costs of the Class II license after increases from GEO 82/2023 and Law 141/2025: entry fees, annual obligations, what a B2B provider does not pay, and old figures that still mislead.
ONJN Class II License Obligations: Reporting and Compliance
Guide on monthly reporting introduced by Law 141/2025, AML and GDPR obligations for B2B providers, and sanctions effectively applied by ONJN.
ONJN Class II License: what it is, who needs it and what activities it covers
Guide to the Class II license issued by ONJN for ancillary activities in the gambling industry: the difference from the Class I license and the categories of providers who need it.
Romanian ONJN Class II Licence: Conditions, Documents and the Procedure Step by Step
A practical guide to the Class II licence in Romania: who may apply, what the file must contain, how the procedure runs at ONJN and how long it really takes against the statutory 30-day term.
Compensation After a Road Accident in Romania: Who Can Claim, What Is Covered and How to Get the Right Amount
What compensation you can claim after a road accident, who is entitled to it and how to obtain the correct amounts rather than the insurer’s opening offer.
International Driving Permit in Romania: When It Is Required and What You Risk Without It
If you come to Romania with a licence issued elsewhere, the practical question is whether you also need an international permit. The answer depends on the issuing state. A guide to when it is required, what to carry, and what driving without a valid licence means here.
Romania Digital Nomad Visa: Conditions, Income Threshold, Steps and Common Mistakes
A practical guide to the Romanian digital nomad visa: who qualifies, what income must be proved, how the two-stage procedure works, the long-stay visa and then the residence permit, and what happens at renewal.
Romanian Residence for Entrepreneurs From the USA, Canada, Japan and Switzerland, Without the EUR 100,000 Investment
The general regime requires foreign investors to put in EUR 100,000 and create ten jobs. Citizens of the USA, Canada, Japan and Switzerland fall under a special regime without those thresholds, and apply directly for the residence permit with no prior visa.
Family Reunification Residence Permit in Romania: Steps, Documents and Deadlines
If you are married to a Romanian citizen or to a foreign national with a right of residence here, the procedure has two stages: the long-stay visa and then the permit. A guide to the documents required, how long it takes and where files usually stall.
Recovering Unpaid Invoices From Romanian Companies: Which Procedure to Use and in What Order
You delivered the work, issued the invoices, and your Romanian counterparty is not paying. Three procedures are available, each suited to a different situation. A guide to choosing between them, and why protective measures matter more than the judgment itself.
Romanian Citizenship: The Available Routes, the Documents Required and What Drives the Timeline
Romanian citizenship can be obtained by three main routes: descent, naturalisation and marriage. A guide to who qualifies under each, what documents are required, how foreign records must be prepared, and what draws files out in practice.
How to Choose a Lawyer in Timisoara: Practical Criteria, Questions for the First Meeting and Red Flags
Choosing the right lawyer often decides the outcome of a case. A guide to checking specialisation and bar registration, the questions worth asking at the first meeting, and the signals that should make you cautious.
Setting Up a Company in Timisoara: Steps, Rules for Foreign Founders and What Can Be Done Remotely
Timisoara attracts investors from Germany, Italy and the United States. A guide to incorporating here, the rules that apply to foreign nationals, what can be handled by power of attorney without travelling, and the alternatives to renting an office.
Investor Residence in Romania: Income Conditions, Investment Thresholds and the Route to Citizenship
A guide for foreign investors seeking residence in Romania: approval for commercial activities, the minimum income required from shareholders and associates, the thresholds that remove the means-of-support test, and the conditions for citizenship by investment.
Starting a Business in Romania: Choosing the Legal Form, Registering and What Follows
A practical guide to getting started: choosing between a limited company and sole trader status, what registration with the Trade Register involves, the tax and employment obligations that arise immediately, and what differs for foreign founders.
Immigration Lawyer in Timisoara: When Legal Help Changes the Outcome and How the Process Works
Visas, residence permits, return decisions, entry bans and citizenship. A guide to the situations where an immigration lawyer changes the result, the deadlines that run in each procedure, and how we work with clients based abroad.
Case Studies
Transcribing a Marriage and Two Foreign Birth Certificates: Romanian Passports for Both Children
A Romanian citizen married abroad, mother of two children born outside the country, needed the family's civil status registered in Romania. We coordinated three interdependent transcriptions in the right order, and both children received Romanian passports.
Fine Paid Into the Wrong Budget Account: Romanian Tax Enforcement Annulled on Appeal
A company paid half the fine within 48 hours, but into the local council's account instead of the state budget. The tax authority enforced the full amount and the first court dismissed the challenge. On appeal we had every enforcement act annulled, enforcement reversed and costs awarded against the authority.
Transcribing a Birth Certificate After Romanian Citizenship Was Acquired by Descent
A citizen of a foreign state acquired Romanian citizenship by descent under article 11 of Law no. 21/1991. Until the birth certificate is transcribed into the Romanian registers, that citizenship has no practical effect. We prepared the full file and the transcription was completed within the 30-day statutory deadline.
Name Change Abroad and Marriage Transcription: a Romanian Passport Obtained Without Travelling
A Romanian citizen living abroad for decades had changed her forename administratively and married there, with neither event recorded in the Romanian registers. We obtained the forename annotation and the marriage transcription within 30 days, and she received her Romanian passport.
Default Interest of 1% Per Day Struck Down as an Unfair Term in a Non-Bank Credit Agreement
A RON 2,500 loan from a non-bank lender turned into enforcement for RON 5,655, carrying default interest of 1% per day. We obtained a declaration that the default interest clause and the file-analysis fee were void, together with partial annulment of the enforcement acts.
Childcare Allowance for a Mother Working in Romania and Living in Belgium
Our client worked remotely for a Romanian employer and paid all her contributions here, but lived with her family in Belgium. The authority stalled the file over its cross-border element. We showed Romania was the competent state and the allowance was granted.
Romanian Citizenship by Descent: Tracing the Ancestors' Records and Why Reacquisition Was Not Needed
The client wanted to start the process for Romanian citizenship but did not know where his ancestors were born and had none of their records. We traced the documents through the competent authorities, and the analysis showed the route was transcription, not reacquisition.
Family Reunification Visa Refused Three Times: the Refusal Overturned Administratively in Under Two Months
Our client had received three successive refusals of a long-stay family reunification visa. An earlier court win did not help, because the visa issued had expired by the time he reached the border. We challenged the last refusal administratively and the visa was granted in under two months.
Family Abandonment and Fraud Against Creditors: Dismissal Set Aside by the Timisoara Court of Appeal
The father ordered to pay maintenance did not pay, and enforcement revealed he had disposed of his assets. The criminal complaint was dismissed as out of time. We challenged that decision, and the Timisoara Court of Appeal set the dismissal aside and sent the file back to the prosecutor.
A Five-Year Ban on Entering Romania Annulled in Court for a Kosovo National
Our client received a five-year ban on entering Romania, issued during a criminal investigation and without any final judgment. The ban also blocked his visa applications in other European states. The court annulled the decision and he can travel again.
Cassation Appeal Allowed by Romania's High Court: Prison Warrant Annulled for Breach of Non Reformatio in Pejus
The Timisoara Court of Appeal replaced a deferred sentence with 1 year and 2 months of immediate imprisonment, even though the prosecution had appealed in the defendant's favour. We filed a cassation appeal, the High Court quashed the decision, annulled the warrant, and our client was released at once.
Over EUR 150,000 Recovered From Romanian Companies in Two Months, Through Negotiation, Protective Measures and Enforcement
Between November and December 2025 we recovered over EUR 150,000 for clients with unpaid invoices from Romanian companies. The result came from a mix of negotiation, protective measures and judgments obtained in Bucharest, Timisoara and Oradea.
Return Decision Annulled by the Brasov Court of Appeal for a Digital Nomad From New Zealand
Our client, a digital nomad from New Zealand, received a return order because the extension procedure for digital nomads was new and little known at the counter. The Brasov Court of Appeal annulled the decision and he stayed in Romania.
Residence Extension Filed Late: Return Decision Annulled by the Timisoara Court of Appeal
Our client, a Vietnamese national, filed his residence extension a few days after expiry and was met with a return decision. The Timisoara Court of Appeal annulled it and ordered the authority to examine the application on its merits.
From Employee to Entrepreneur: Return Decision Annulled for a Foreign National Who Set Up a Romanian Company
Our client came to Romania for a job and in the meantime set up his own company. On renewal, the Timis immigration office issued a return decision without considering the change in his situation. The court annulled it.
Penalties of 0.5% Per Day in a Telecoms Contract: Unfair Term Annulled and Over EUR 3,000 Refunded
A small unpaid balance from 2013 grew, through penalties of 0.5% per day, into an obligation of over EUR 3,000. We established that the term was unfair and the client was refunded everything he had paid, plus interest.
Transcribing a Marriage and Two Foreign Birth Certificates: Romanian Passports for Both Children
A Romanian citizen married abroad, mother of two children born outside the country, needed the family's civil status registered in Romania. We coordinated three interdependent transcriptions in the right order, and both children received Romanian passports.
Fine Paid Into the Wrong Budget Account: Romanian Tax Enforcement Annulled on Appeal
A company paid half the fine within 48 hours, but into the local council's account instead of the state budget. The tax authority enforced the full amount and the first court dismissed the challenge. On appeal we had every enforcement act annulled, enforcement reversed and costs awarded against the authority.
Transcribing a Birth Certificate After Romanian Citizenship Was Acquired by Descent
A citizen of a foreign state acquired Romanian citizenship by descent under article 11 of Law no. 21/1991. Until the birth certificate is transcribed into the Romanian registers, that citizenship has no practical effect. We prepared the full file and the transcription was completed within the 30-day statutory deadline.
Name Change Abroad and Marriage Transcription: a Romanian Passport Obtained Without Travelling
A Romanian citizen living abroad for decades had changed her forename administratively and married there, with neither event recorded in the Romanian registers. We obtained the forename annotation and the marriage transcription within 30 days, and she received her Romanian passport.
Default Interest of 1% Per Day Struck Down as an Unfair Term in a Non-Bank Credit Agreement
A RON 2,500 loan from a non-bank lender turned into enforcement for RON 5,655, carrying default interest of 1% per day. We obtained a declaration that the default interest clause and the file-analysis fee were void, together with partial annulment of the enforcement acts.
Childcare Allowance for a Mother Working in Romania and Living in Belgium
Our client worked remotely for a Romanian employer and paid all her contributions here, but lived with her family in Belgium. The authority stalled the file over its cross-border element. We showed Romania was the competent state and the allowance was granted.
Romanian Citizenship by Descent: Tracing the Ancestors' Records and Why Reacquisition Was Not Needed
The client wanted to start the process for Romanian citizenship but did not know where his ancestors were born and had none of their records. We traced the documents through the competent authorities, and the analysis showed the route was transcription, not reacquisition.
Family Reunification Visa Refused Three Times: the Refusal Overturned Administratively in Under Two Months
Our client had received three successive refusals of a long-stay family reunification visa. An earlier court win did not help, because the visa issued had expired by the time he reached the border. We challenged the last refusal administratively and the visa was granted in under two months.
Family Abandonment and Fraud Against Creditors: Dismissal Set Aside by the Timisoara Court of Appeal
The father ordered to pay maintenance did not pay, and enforcement revealed he had disposed of his assets. The criminal complaint was dismissed as out of time. We challenged that decision, and the Timisoara Court of Appeal set the dismissal aside and sent the file back to the prosecutor.
A Five-Year Ban on Entering Romania Annulled in Court for a Kosovo National
Our client received a five-year ban on entering Romania, issued during a criminal investigation and without any final judgment. The ban also blocked his visa applications in other European states. The court annulled the decision and he can travel again.
Cassation Appeal Allowed by Romania's High Court: Prison Warrant Annulled for Breach of Non Reformatio in Pejus
The Timisoara Court of Appeal replaced a deferred sentence with 1 year and 2 months of immediate imprisonment, even though the prosecution had appealed in the defendant's favour. We filed a cassation appeal, the High Court quashed the decision, annulled the warrant, and our client was released at once.
Over EUR 150,000 Recovered From Romanian Companies in Two Months, Through Negotiation, Protective Measures and Enforcement
Between November and December 2025 we recovered over EUR 150,000 for clients with unpaid invoices from Romanian companies. The result came from a mix of negotiation, protective measures and judgments obtained in Bucharest, Timisoara and Oradea.
Return Decision Annulled by the Brasov Court of Appeal for a Digital Nomad From New Zealand
Our client, a digital nomad from New Zealand, received a return order because the extension procedure for digital nomads was new and little known at the counter. The Brasov Court of Appeal annulled the decision and he stayed in Romania.
Residence Extension Filed Late: Return Decision Annulled by the Timisoara Court of Appeal
Our client, a Vietnamese national, filed his residence extension a few days after expiry and was met with a return decision. The Timisoara Court of Appeal annulled it and ordered the authority to examine the application on its merits.
From Employee to Entrepreneur: Return Decision Annulled for a Foreign National Who Set Up a Romanian Company
Our client came to Romania for a job and in the meantime set up his own company. On renewal, the Timis immigration office issued a return decision without considering the change in his situation. The court annulled it.
Penalties of 0.5% Per Day in a Telecoms Contract: Unfair Term Annulled and Over EUR 3,000 Refunded
A small unpaid balance from 2013 grew, through penalties of 0.5% per day, into an obligation of over EUR 3,000. We established that the term was unfair and the client was refunded everything he had paid, plus interest.
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